introduction        a dialect is a variety of a language used by group of people whose lexicon, syntax, phonetics and phonology are different from those of other people. the existence of many geographical, economic and social barriers among the speakers of a language cause the emergence of many dialects. as such, each language has many dialects and accents and each dialect has many different ac...

Introduction        A dialect is a variety of a language used by group of people whose lexicon, syntax, phonetics and phonology are different from those of other people. The existence of many geographical, economic and social barriers among the speakers of a language cause the emergence of many dialects. As such, each language has many dialects and accents and each dialect has many different ac...

“Borrowing” is a lingual process that is studied in diachronic linguistics. In this process a language borrows elements from another language. This process usually occurs in areas that two languages make contact with each other. In a dialect spoken in South Khorasan the language borrowing happens. Arabs living in this part of Iran probably have immigrated in the early centuries of Islam. In thi...

Chapter 2: Phonetics and Phonology ......................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: Morphology ............................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 4: Syntax ..................................................................................................................... ...

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Chen, Matthew Y. Tone sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects / Matthew Y. Chen. p. cm. – (Cambridge studies in linguistics) Includes bibliographical references. Contents Preface page xi Notational conventions xvii 1 Setting the stage 1 1 Languages and dialects of China 1 ...

1. Competing features: AllbnAnyp, hmA, -An; 
 verb-subject word order: AndlEt AlHrb 2. Mixing: >h HDrp, bdy vs hl syHdv 3. Morphology: Alm$kwk fyh 4. Word vs char: AlmAlky, AlhA$my 5. ASR mistakes: byt>vr vs byt>tr 6. Rare features: <HnA wyAhm. But: bqyt common in NA Results • 6/18 in sub-task 2; 2nd to last in sub-task 1 • Spanish most difficult, Malay/Indonesian easiest • Gulf most confusing ...

This article examines a number of contested and contentious issues in the reception Hosea 1–3, exploring how readers through centuries have engaged with interpretive challenges found initial chapters this prophetic text. These include (1) debates concerning whether marriage Gomer should be understood literally or figuratively; (2) questions identity woman chp. 3 relation to events 1; (3) propos...

A decentralized failure detection and isolation (FDI) methodology, which is robust with respect to model uncertainties and noise, is presented. Redundancy metrics are developed, and optimization problems are posed for the choices of robust parity relations. Closed-form solutions for some special failure cases are given. Connections are drawn with other disciplines, and the use of the metrics to...